Early Behavioral Treatments For Children With Autism

According to Lovaas (1987) and Carr Durand (1985), early behavioral treatments was highly designed. As the field has progressed, behavioral treatments had suffered a number of changes to improve instructional results and improve their skills. One alternative change had been the way of improvement of performances that are more naturalistic and child-centered. According to Lovaas (1987), children with autism shows lack of social communication, absent or abnormal speech, intellectual disabilities IQ, aggressive behavior, and they also could self-injury themselves, etc. According to this article, the researcher discusses the effects of the treatment behavior change for the two groups of similarly constituted young children with autism (Lovaas, 1987). Participants were given to one of the two groups: an intensive-treatment experimental group that has more than 40 hours of one to-one treatment per week, and/or the minimal-treatment which was the Control Group 1 that got only 10 hours or less of one-to-one treatment per week (Lovaas, 1987). Control Group 1 was used to increase further information about the rate of spontaneous improvement in very young children with autism, especially those selected by the same assistance or researcher that provided the diagnostic work-up for the intensive-treatment experimental group (Lovaas, 1987). The assignment was based on obtainability of analysts to offer various treatments (Lovaas, 1987). In other word, if psychotherapists wereShow MoreRelatedTreatment Options Used for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is capable of weakening communication, behavior and socialization. The term ASD includes three major subtypes which is Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. About 9.0 in 1000 children have ASD and certain types of autism might not be identified until three years of life. The probability of boys being diagnosed is higher compared to girls (Bravaccio et al. 2013)Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1042 Words   |  5 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neural development disorders characterized by patterns of demeanor. This disorder causes difficulties with social, communication and behavior challenges. There are developmental resources that help identify children with ASD at a very early age. 1 in every 88th child will be diagnosed with this disorder. On average, boys are five times more predisposed to have autism than girls. There is no scientific test can be used to test out someone who willRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pagessurvive in life. For many children and adults, they live with a disorder that dictates these behaviors and language skills to be very different from the average American. These skills they are challenged with, make it very difficult to live independently. The disorder these individuals live with is called Autism Spectrum Disorder. With early diagnosis, intervention, and proper treatment, some children with Autism Spectrum Disorder possibly can lead independent lives. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And How It Affects Children1092 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my listeners about Autism spectrum disorder and how it affects children in society today. Central Idea: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability that affects very many children in the United States today. Although there is no cure for autism, through early intervention, and proper therapies it can reduce the child’s ASD symptoms and improve their ability to grow and learn new skills. INTRODUCTION I. Attention Material A. ImagineRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1446 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Health Problem Autism or autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) is a developmental disorder that has been found world wide. However unlike many other disorders, autism is fairly new in the sense that there is no cure nor a set factor causing it. Today, the public is more aware of the disorder, yet there is still concern about how to treat autism in children as well as what risk factors are more likely to lead to autism. Autism has been around for the past hundred years, however previous to theRead MoreUse of Applied Behavior Analysis to Support Language Development in Children with Autism1508 Words   |  7 Pagesis well noted among researchers of autism as a method that can be effective for autistic children. (About.com) Autism is known as a complex developmental disability. Experts believe that Autism presents itself during the first three years of a person’s life. The condition is the result of a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affective development of the person’s communication and social interaction skills. People with autism have issues with non-verbal communicationRead MoreA Childhood Disorder Most Common In The Field Of Mental923 Words   |  4 PagesA childhood disorder most common in the field of mental health, autism or autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is a complex neurodevelopment disorder defined by abnormalities and lack of social communication and unusual behaviors. ASD involves most of the part of the brain and affects humans ability to communicate and interact with others. ASD begins at an early age. The more common symptoms include difficulty with communication, difficulty with social interactions, obsessive interest,R ead MoreEffective Intervention For Children And Adolescents Possessing A Diagnosis Of An Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )860 Words   |  4 PagesInterventions There is a wide range and much controversy surrounding the study and overall effectiveness of different interventions for children and adolescents possessing a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, regardless of the method of intervention, every intervention shares the common goal which focuses on improving functioning in one or a combination of the following areas: social, communication, behavior, and academic. Social functioning includes interaction with peersRead More Children With Autism Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesChildren With Autism Children with autism have the possibility to improve greatly, and some even overcome the effects of autism if appropriate therapies are begun early enough. A multifaceted disorder, autism has long baffled professionals and parents alike. At a point in time, doctors gave parents absolutely no hope for the recovery of their children. But recently, new treatments and therapies have shown that improvement is possible. With early intervention, intensiveRead MoreIs Autism Caused By Vaccines Or Is It Genetic?916 Words   |  4 PagesIs autism caused by vaccines or is it genetic? Is it caused by environmental factors or are there problems during pregnancy that can cause it? Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler first used the term autism in 1908, and in the 1940s the United States began to use this term to describe children with emotional or social problems. He used it to describe â€Å"a schizophrenic patient who had withdrawn into his own world†. The Greek word autà ³s meaning self was what the name autism was derived from and was used

Frees on Terrorism The Language of Terroris Essay Example For Students

Frees on Terrorism: The Language of Terroris Essay m September 11 Terrorism EssaysThe Language of Terrorism On September 11, 2001, two airplanes flew into the World Trade Center and another into the Pentagon, while yet another suspiciously crashed. Blasted on T.V. screens across America, were images of fire, destruction, chaos and death. Framed in colors of red, white and blue, were such headlines that read: ?America Under-Attack,? ?The War Against Terror? and ?The Attack on America?; all the while, urgent ticket taped messages flowed across our television screens and news anchors reported on the utmost of news. To sum-up the days events, President Bush addressed the nation. It was in the President?s initial speech to the nation following the attack on the World Trade Center that the adjective ?evil? was first introduced. Quoting from the bible, and making reference to a ?power greater than any of us,? the President reassured the American people of their safety and well-being. Within a couple of minutes, the stage was set for all that was to follow. Since adopted by the media, the Bush administration and the American people, the religious reference of ?evil? by the President has become an integral part of the public discourse. Framing the way we talk and think about the day?s events, and all subsequent events, including talk of Bin Laden, the Taliban and terrorism, the use of binary language in religious and metaphoric expression have become an important element in the ?war against terrorism.? And despite the President?s and congress? denouncement of any reference to ?the attack on terrorism? as a holy war, it seems as if the American ideal of ?separation of state and religion,? has become suspended and/or forgotten all together. The intent of this paper is to analysis the language used by the President to describe the September 11th events, and consequentially, its binary effects. Given the President?s religious and metaphoric references a dichotomous framework is thought to exit. For instance, in using the term ?evil,? images of the devil and hell have been conjured up and conversely images of God and heaven. Helping to demonize those responsible, the initial language used by the President and later incorporated by the press, has since served as a political weapon from which to fight ?the war against terrorism.? In that the President?s speech evoked from his audience (most notably the American people) feelings of fear, terror, anger, and hatred, the appeal has been to the public?s emotions and senses rather than their ration and intellect. Making a sentimental plea to American?s sense of patriotism, such binary language has in effect become a means of hegemonic control. Instilling a strong sense of nationalism and pride, the implications of the President?s speech are already being felt. Laying the groundwork for all subsequent actions, the framing of the events in dichotomous, either/or language has become widely accepted and thus ?naturalized.? Hence, it is through language, and the media?s use of language, that certain ideologies have been maintained and perpetuated. Portrayed (i.e. encoded) as ?natural? and accepted as such (i.e. decoded), the ideologies helping to inform such ?patriotic? language have become a standardized way of thinking and talking. That is, in that the language (i.e., metaphors) adopted by the media and the public have come to be viewed as ?normal,? ?standard? and ?common-sensical? the concept(s) informing such language (i.e., freedom, democracy, patriotism, unity, etc.) have also become naturalized (i.e. Americanized). Understanding, of course, that the mass media (i.e., television, radio and newspaper) is largely controlled by the dominate society, it is not surprising that the language employed by it generally supports and depicts the dominant paradigm. As described by Kellner, ?one of the functions of the dominant media culture is to maintain boundaries and to legitimate the rule of the hegemonic class, race and gender forces? p. 62, 1995)1. With language used as a device to elicit support and consensus from the American people and government, as well as other nations and allies, the war waged against terrorism has remained largely uncontested. Moreover, military force has been perceived as justified. And while no one is arguing the magnitude of this .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 , .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .postImageUrl , .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 , .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:hover , .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:visited , .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:active { border:0!important; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:active , .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7 .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3440d769d08ae59a0e074d3b42e50d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shaolin Soccer Physics Analysis Essay

The Audio Engineer as Creative Mediator free essay sample

Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 Introduction to the Audio Industry (AUD201) Assessment Task 1: Essay The Engineer as Creative Mediator Page (1 of 8) Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 In the last 30 years, recording, editing and mixing techniques have changed dramatically due to new technology. This allows today’s Audio Engineers to engineer much greater sound vastly improving the outcome of a final mix. Whether it’s the sound you hear on radio, film, television, or of live bands, or whether it’s the final outcome of recording artists in a studio, it’s the Audio Engineers job to fine tune, edit and master the sound to deliver the best quality sound to an audience. In order for an Audio Engineer to do this, he/she needs certain skill sets such as excellent hearing and excellent knowledge of today’s audio production, editing and mixing technology. It is essential that Audio Engineers be able to work with different clients and have a good understanding of what sound they are trying to create. We will write a custom essay sample on The Audio Engineer as Creative Mediator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being able to step into any recording studio or live performance situation, and know how everything works, is crucial. Before any recording, editing and mixing takes place there is Pre-Production. Pre-Production is simply the planning process for the album. This includes various meetings with the client to discuss the style of music they want to create. Reference tracks with similar style and sound are analysed to give the engineer a good idea of what the client is after (JMC Academy, 2011). This is arguably the most important part of the recording chain, as this is where all the planning gets done. It’s not ideal if the artist wants a different sound from different instruments or wants to change the arrangement after everything has been recorded. The Engineer needs to discuss in depth all the creative, technical and artistic concerns with the client (Care R, 2011), such as what kind of sound they are after, what instruments they will be using including digital instrumentation. This information can be put on what they call a â€Å"Track Sheet† which is a chart containing what instruments will be used and how many of each instrument, if more than one. The engineer will also get the band to run through their material and make sure their instruments are freshly tuned. Microphone choice and placement is very important in order to get the best sound out of the instruments. This is something that the engineer should devote serious attention to. Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 Page (2 of 8) It is really important that the engineer knows how to communicate properly with the client, as this can make with whole project a lot easier. If you where to generalize and say, artists can be hard to work with, it’s because they are very passionate about what they do but can often be quite insecure about what they do. So you have to learn to be extremely diplomatic dealing with them and establish a good repour (Jacques D, 2011). In other words you should never be demanding or a know-it-all even though you may be right. For example you would not walk up to the bass player and say that the bass sounds bad and way to muddy as the artist could take it as a personal attack which will get you no where. It is good diplomatic skills that will move the musician in the best direction and let them know you want to work with them. A good engineer should agree with what ever is best for the band, and it’s the engineer’s job have them sound their best (EK P, 2009) When it comes to getting the best sound out of the band, it’s not as easy as getting them into the studio, setting them all up and starting recording. There’s an emotion within every song and to really bring this emotion out when recording the track, the artist needs to be in the right mood and be surrounded by the right energy to bring out the emotion. The psychology of a recording session is very important in order to get the best sound out a song. â€Å"I think there’s a ton of respect in the studio. I believe the band respects my opinion and I respect them as musicians to get the best performance out of them and I think that shines through†(EK P, 2009). Having a good relationship with the client and respect for one another creates a good working atmosphere, which can help bring out the best in any recording. You wouldn’t record an artist in an old, stinky, dark studio if they were about to record an uplifting joyful song (Care R, 2011). Having the artist in the right studio with the right sound, and making sure the right energy is there, makes a huge difference in the recording. When it comes to sound recording the audio engineer has more responsibilities than just recording the sound of the artist. The recording engineer is responsible for the planning of the session, room set up and microphone selection (Kurlander J, 2010). The planning of the recording session is very important in order for the recording to go smoothly and have minimal mistakes. â€Å"Having a target when recording a track or album is an important thing because it focuses the mind† (Platt T, 2006). This is important in order to have a recording session that is going to flow the right way. Having to constantly stop while recording can change the mood and vibe of the session which can change the result of a recording dramatically. The quality of the material has an enormous influence on the mixing stage† (Izhaki R, 2008). When setting up to record, whether its for a live band or in studio, it’s important to get the correct microphones, set their position, prepare the instruments and suggest to the band that they run through their material before starting. You want to make sure all your gear is set up, making sure your gain structure is correct and that you have tested everything and made sure it’s all working. Then you should be able to record a successful take (Jacques D, 2011). Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 Page (3 of 8) A lot of artists have a vision and an emotion they want to portray through their music. Want it to really connect with an audience and for the audience to see and feel that vision and emotion through their song. It’s the engineer’s microphone techniques that capture the vibrancy of the band and their performance (Bartlett Bartlett 2009, pg 5). The techniques the engineer uses to mic up an instrument will determine what sounds the microphone will pick up and send. This procedure is very important in receiving the right tone from the instrument. How far or how close the microphone is, at what angle the microphone is, and where the microphone is set up in the studio whilst recording will determine what sound the microphone will receive. But most important of all is what type of microphone is being used. Each microphone has different characteristics and dynamics, as do instruments. This being the case, there is a microphone suited for every instrument, to enhance its sonic characteristics (JMC Academy, 2011). There are many ways to set up microphones when recording an instrument or vocal. Some ways are better then others. â€Å"The longer you are prepared to experiment with positioning microphones, the more successful your recording is likely to be† (White P, 1995). Page (4 of 8) Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 Once the artist has been recorded it’s the engineer’s editing and mixing that will shape the recorded song into what the audience will hear. Editing, as well as the mixing process, is generally done on a digital audio workstation, also known as a (DAW). This allows the sound engineer to edit each separate track, if need be, by cutting and deleting any unwanted noise or gaps, replacing bad notes with good ones, creating rhythmic loops, correcting bad timing and much more (Bartlett Bartlett, 2009, pg 252). The editing stage can involve a lot of work; some tasks will require more skills than others. But this can all be done with a handful of easy to use editing tools and of course the creative know how of the sound engineer (Inglls S, 2011). The mixing process is where the recording is fine tuned by applying different effects, plug-ins and applying equalization. Some engineers say mixing is an art and others such as Declan Gaffrey say it is a performance. Mixing is a creative process whereby what is recorded evolves into what the audience will hear. What the audio engineer is trying to do in this process is portray the feeling or emotion in the song, set the scene and have the audience really connect with it (Jacques D, 2011). Engineers use different effects, plug-ins that can enhance and/or change the tonal sound of an instrument or vocal making it sound fat, thin, muddy, tinny, clean, dirty and much more. Delays and reverbs can be used to create an atmospheric texture (Gaffney D, 2009). During the mixing process it is essential to maintain a sense of balance. The balance is where the instruments sit in the mix, making sure other instruments are not too loud or too soft or interfering with other sounds. When mixing, it’s not just about making something louder, it’s about how the whole thing grab you, and being able to listen to what all instruments are all doing together. At the end of the mixing process the final step is the balance of the track or album. Working on the volume of each separate instrument, arranging them so they all still well in the mix. This is called the mastering stage. Mastering includes enhancing and/or tweaking the sound to make it more powerful, louder, softer or cleaner, depending on what the artist wants. Mastering the audio is not changing the tonal sound of the instrument, which is done in the mixing process, it is altering the volume of the track and the overall volume of Page (5 of 8) the song. Tools are used in this process such as compressor, which allows the engineer to control the sound threshold of an instrument (Saulner J, 2010). Last step for the engineer is formatting the audio track(s) ready for manufacturing on CD, digital, vinyl or cassette; each one of these has a different format. Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 The sound engineer plays a very important role as the creative mediator throughout the recording process; he/she acts as the nuts and bolt of the project. Audio engineers need to be able to communicate well with clients. They also need be able to create an environment that will bring out the best in every performer. Manipulating frequencies to get the desired sound from n instrument or vocal, and balancing the mix so everything sits well, requires excellent hearing and listening skills as well as the creative knowledge to do so successfully. Page (6 of 8) Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 REFERENCES. Bartlett, B Bartlett, J 2009, Practical Recording Techniques, Fifth edn, Focal Press, Burlington MA, USA, pg. 5 292 Care, R 2011, Introduction to the Audio Industry AUD201, class week 5, JMC Academy, Melbourne. Ga ffney, D 2009, Secrets of the Mix Engineers: Declan Gaffney, by Paul Tingen, Sound on Sound, http://www. oundonsound. com/sos/jun09/articles/itu2. htm Inglls, S 2011, Audio Editing in DAW’s – tips and tricks, Sound on Sound, http://www. soundonsound. com/sos/feb11/articles/editing-1. htm Izkahi, J 2008, Mixing Audio, First edn, Focal press, Burlington MA, USA, pg. 31 Jacques, D 2011, Jesse Kendal interview: FOH Engineer Dave Jacques, http://www. zshare. net/audio/890893079fddf506/ 22 March 2011. JMC Academy, 2011, Introduction to the Audio Industry AUD201, Production Considerations, Melbourne, Accessed 10 April 2011, from http://myjmc. edu. u/mod/resource/view. php? id=5043 Noble, B 2009, Interview with Phil EK, Hit Quarters, accessed 27 March 2011, http://www. hitquarters. com/index. php3? page=intrview/opar/intrview_Phil_Ek_Interview. html. Platt, T 2006, BBC classic album under review – AC DC Back in Black, (you tube video), from ttp://www. youtube. com/watc h? v=WSAcpL8rZLs Page (7 of 8) Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 Saulnre, J 2010, Maor Applebaum (Mastering Engineer) Interview with Jason Saulner part 1, (youtube video), http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mHTPBjWzv14 White, P 1995, The art of miking acoustic instruments – tips and tricks, Sound on Sound, http://www. soundonsound. com/sos/1995_articles/sep95/mikinginstruments. html. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bartlett, B Bartlett, J 2009, Practical Recording Techniques, Fifth edn, Focal Press, Burlington MA, USA, pg. 5 292 Care, R 2011, Introduction to the Audio Industry AUD201, class week 2 to 6, JMC Academy, Melbourne. Gaffney, D 2009, Secrets of the Mix Engineers: Declan Gaffney, by Paul Tingen, Sound on Sound, http://www. soundonsound. com/sos/jun09/articles/itu2. tm Inglls, S 2011, Audio Editing in DAW’s – tips and tricks, Sound on Sound, http://www. soundonsound. com/sos/feb11/articles/editing-1. htm Izkahi, J 2008, Mixing Audio, First edn, Focal press, Burlington MA, USA, pg. 31 Jacques, D 2011, Jesse Kendal interview with (FOH) Sound Engineer Dave Jacques, (Audio Recording) http://www. zshare. net/audio/890893079fddf506/ 22 March 2011. JMC Academy, 2011, Introduction to the Audio Industry AUD201, Production Considerations, Melbourne, Accessed 10 April 2011, from http://myjmc. edu. au/mod/resource/view. hp? id=5043 Page (8 of 8) Jesse Kendal ID: 203392 Nixon, N 2011, Audio Technicians Need to be Smart and Social, NorthOrion, http://www. northorion. com/careers/arts-design-fashion/audio-technicians-smart-socially-savvy-0739/ Noble, B 2009, Interview with Phil EK, Hit Quarters, accessed 27 March 2011, from http://www. hitquarters. com/index. php3? page=intrview/opar/intrview_Phil_Ek_Interview. html. Platt, T 2006, BBC classic album under review – AC DC Back in Black, (you tube video), from ttp://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WSAcpL8rZLs Roos, D, ‘How Recording Engineers Work’, How Stuff Works, http://www. howstuffworks. com/recording-engineer2. htm Saulnre, J 2010, Maor Applebaum (Mastering Engineer) Interview with Jason Saulner part 1, (youtube video), http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mHTPBjWzv14 Scott-James, K 2011, Audio and Acoustics AUD202, class study, weeks 4 5, JMC Academy, Melbourne. White, P 1995, The art of miking acoustic instruments – tips and tricks, Sound on Sound, http://www. soundonsound. com/sos/1995_articles/sep95/mikinginstruments. html.

Bring and Take

Bring and Take Bring and Take Bring and Take By Jacquelyn Landis Writers tend to get confused about when to use bring and take. Many think that the two words can be used interchangeably, but they do have two distinctly different uses. Which one you use depends entirely on your perspective for the action. Bring indicates action coming toward the speaker; take means action taken away from the speaker. So from your perspective, your kids will bring their homework to you to check, and then they’ll take it to school tomorrow. From your kids’ perspective, they’ll take their homework to you and then bring it with them when they go to school tomorrow. The trick is to think about your location. Something coming your way is brought to you. Something going away is taken from you. It can get confusing occasionally, and when it does you have to depend on the surrounding context to help you determine the point of reference. Check out these examples: Be sure to bring a jacket with you in case it gets cold. Be sure to take a jacket with you in case it gets cold. Both can be correct. In the former example, the meaning is to carry the jacket with you to where you are going. It’s likely that this would be something the person you’re joining would say to you. In the latter example, the meaning is to take it away from your starting point. It sounds a lot like something Mom would say as you’re running out of the house. To simplify the concept even more, think of it like this: you bring things here and take them there. It’s not an infallible method, but it works most of the time. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?How to Style Legislative Terms

Team Building Exercise - Team Building Resolution Defined Research Paper

Team Building Exercise - Team Building Resolution Defined - Research Paper Example This paper thus aims to discuss various exercises of team building for resolving conflicts. Team Building Exercise for Conflict Resolution As also mentioned earlier, conflicts can be possessed optimistically as well. However, there can even be situations when conflicts take the negative form and these situations generally arise when the members of the team begin to develop feelings of being defeated and experience a workforce scenario of disbelieve and mistrust. Before finding solution to problem, it is essential to diagnose the problem with regard to the reason of its occurrence. Thus, reasons of conflict are required to be identified preliminarily. Reasons for Conflict in Teams One of the most common reasons of conflict is mismanagement of the procedures of administration. Lacking of strong base knowledge among the members will ignite the problem of co-ordination and thus conflict will arise. Overrunning of costs also becomes a factor of conflict when the members show reluctance in generating additional funding before the occurrence of these overruns. Project schedules often creates the conflict as not all the team members show co-operative moves for accomplishing a task within set deadlines. Erroneous realization of responsibilities also creates the conflicts which happen when team members become unaware of their assigned areas of work. It is within the hands of the team members to evade conflicts’ occurrences. If the members stay aware of the possible reasons of conflict, they can generate required steps for making certain effective planning and this can be an effective move towards good planning for exercising team building (The Team Building Directory, 2011). Roles to Be Played By the Team Leader The team leader plays an extremely important role in enhancing the spirits of working in a team among the members. The first movement that the team leader can initiate is that of making the members spend lots of time collectively in works they perform. Alt hough interaction among the members is not constantly possible, the team leader should strive for creating situation where they can interact. Team leader should organize periodic sessions of refreshment for making greater cohesion among the team members. Inclusion of group session for training, presentation session on inspiring areas and organization of socials would provide scope for joint session among the team members. The team leader should try out innovative ways of keeping the team energized by incorporating brand new ideas and information. Energizing the team would stimulate the members to co-ordinate with each other (Priscoli, 2003). Conduction of Team Building Exercise The â€Å"group stage formation theory† by Tuckman provided five stages essential for conducting team building approach among team members. The stages include forming, storming, norming, performing and transforming. In the forming stage, the team decides on the particular member whom to follow througho ut the accomplishment process of any task. Storming stage reflects the generation of negative performance among the team members and this is the decider stage for the leaders because in this stage the members develop critical

Critically evaluate one approach to organisational culture change - Essay

Critically evaluate one approach to organisational culture change - Yandex Case Study - Essay Example Justify your recommendations with supporting evidence. Yandex is the leading search engine in Russia. The success of the firm is closely related to its strategic decisions and its structure. However, it is clear that certain interventions are required in order for the firm’s goals to be fully achieved. The update of the firm’s OD strategy would be a potential solution for the above problem. The OD framework developed by Brown (2011), see also Graph 1 – Appendix, can be considered as a quite effective tool for developing the particular task. Primarily, the involvement of this tool in the restructuring of the firm’s OD strategy should be appropriately justified; reference should be made to the firm’s goals. ... Despite the fact that the promotion of the above strategy has helped the firm to keep its performance at high levels, still there is a series of organizational issues, which need to be appropriately addressed. The change of the firm’s existing OD strategy would be the most effective way for achieving the above target. This change could be based on the OD framework of Brown (2011), see Graph 1, Appendix. In the context of this framework, the firm’s current strategy should be restructured at the following points: a) at the first stage, the need for change should be clearly defined – meaning that the firm’s strategic managers should understand this need and should be willing to support it; Yandex is a firm well established in the Russian market, controlling the 57% of the specific market; the profitability of the firm is high, being increased at a level of 80% annually (page 2, case study); moreover, its employees are chosen through a detailed recruitment pro cess which guarantees that only candidates with the necessary skills enter the organization; from this point of view, the change of the firm’s strategy – in one or more areas – would have many chances of success, taking into consideration the exceptional relationships among employees and the high level of communication/ cooperation across the organization, b) emphasis should be given on the improvement of the relationship between the employees and the clients; despite the fact that communication and collaboration in the internal organizational environment is highly developed, in the firm’s external environment the following problem seems to exist: the relationship between

Hand Made Music Boxes Essay Example for Free

Hand Made Music Boxes Essay In a market where monopolistic competition exists, businesses operate in a manner wherein producers sell differentiated products from one another, yet similar. This means that the product is not homogenous. Firms can still market their products by the highlighting the slight differences in their output. The various producers in this type of market are selling their products, in this case handmade music boxes, which act as substitutes. Firms are able to control the prices in some degree within a narrow range of prices. They enter the market if the profits are attractive wherein they can maximize their profit and are left with excess production capacity. In a market where there is monopolistic competition, there are many firms, which each firm has a small market share and operates independently from each other. (Salvatore, 2007) Enterprise, natural, labor and capital are considered as the factors of production in the economy. Given a firm that operates a business in hand made music boxes, these factors of production are important as to gain profit and be able to be competitive in the market. In a monopolistic competitive market, it is assumed that all these factors of production are mobile, in which if these are not being used efficiently, they will move instantly to where they can be maximized. (Harvey Jowsey, 2007) In an enterprise, entrepreneurial skills are needed to manage and direct the other three factors of production to enable a production of goods or services in the market. Operating a hand made music box needs skills from people that have managerial experiences that can lead the firm into a competitive advantage through effective planning and execution in producing the goods needed in the market. This will help in giving the business a competitive advantage wherein the characteristics of the hand made music box of a certain firm is made with quality than that of other firms in the market. (Case Fair, 2007) No business can operate without natural or land as part of its factors of production. Land is where the business is being done. It can be a factory, building, agricultural land or office, but this should have a location for it to be established. An access to land is needed in setting up firms. (Case Fair, 2007) Hand made music box business needs a factory for the assembly of parts and for storing. Moreover, this business needs a shop for the goods to be displayed so that the goods can be seen by the consumers that will buy the product. Access to land and property can raise the standard of production as well as be more competent in the market. (American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 2002) Businesses manage to exist because of its labor force. Firms do need people who can do hours of work for them. In making hand made music boxes, there can be a composition of various assembly lines. These assembly lines are made up of people that will do specific parts in making the hand made music boxes of the firm. Skilled workers help the firm in having competitive advantage in the market. In a competitive market, skills of workers are important to produce high quality goods that can be sold to consumers. This will result in a high advantage of a certain firm that employs highly skilled workers over those firms that employ lesser skilled people. (Harvey Jowsey, 2007) In every business setting, capital should be present. Capital refers to equipments used by firms to produce goods. The workers of a hand made music box business need equipments for the production of the goods. These equipments will help the production be more effective and efficient. In a competitive market where different firms compete for products being sold to consumers, a firm needs capital that will increase the quality of the product. This will make the firm more advantageous in terms of output and quality in the market. (Harvey Jowsey, 2007) Given that the situated market is in a monopolistic competition scenario, a firm’s demand curve will intersect the industry’s demand curve at the firm’s equilibrium level of output and price. (Weins, 1999) This explains why the demand curve is relatively elastic and downward sloping, which can be associated to a flat, but not horizontal demand curve. Firms in this type of market will have less control over price to charge their output. A firm that makes profit in the short-run will break even eventually because of a decrease in demand in the long-run, which in this case will result in a zero economic profit. (Duffy, 1993) Considering the law of supply, monopolistic competitive markets might not produce large quantities as a response to higher prices. The hindrance to the positive-quantity supply relation is the market control and downward sloping demand curve among monopolistic competitive markets. Monopolistic competitive firms are considered to be price-searchers rather than price-takers because â€Å"prices will change by the comparison of marginal revenue with marginal cost in every possible price along with the market demand curve. † Prices are not placed equal to marginal revenue; furthermore, it is not equal to marginal cost and price. Thus, as a result, firms do not essentially supply more quantities of goods at lower prices. (Harvey Jowsey, 2007) In the short-run, individual firms behave like a monopoly thus they can raise their prices leaving the consumers options to buy similar goods from other firms. As for the long-run, there is a free entry condition where firms continue to occur in the market leaving the demand curve to continually shift leftward until the time when each of the firm earns a zero economic profit. Firms earn economic profit or loss in the short run, but eventually, new entrants will be attracted to profits thus would result to losses until these firms earn zero economic profit. The hand made music box firms will compete in the market for the available consumers that will purchase the goods.